ASEAN Journal of Military and Preventive Medicine

Print Edition - The ASEAN Journal of Military and Preventive Medicine (Volume 1 No.1, January 2024)

admin AJMPM — 2024-01-20


1-12	*Human PPARG Gene Mutation as Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: In Silico Analysis* Naufal Yafi Rais Wiguna, Taufik Hidayat B, Putrya Hawa, Jonny
13-22	*Introducing the Camry Electronic Hand Dynamometer EH101 as a Functional Strength Measurement Tool among Healthy Teenagers in Jakarta, Indonesia* Nury Nusdwinuringtyas, Ni Luh Made Murniasih Jayanthi, Endang Ernandini, Peggy Sunaryo, Jonathan Alvin Wiryaputra
23-30	*Heat Therapy Intervention and Pulse Dose Itraconazole as Combination Treatment for Chromoblastomycosis: An Unusual Case Report* Sissy, Clara Virginia Allun, Daniel Ahmad Romero, Mahfudz Shidiq
31-46	*The Significance of Entrepreneurial Leadership in Armed Forces Hospitals* Dian Andriani Ratna Dewi, Lila Irawati Tjahjo Widuri, Ni Made Wiliantari, Sherryn Sherryn
47-50	*Temperature and Cardiovascular Morbidity* Harikrishna Halaharvi, Paul J. Schramm, Ambarish Vaidyanathan
51-56	*Biological Threats as Emerging Challenges in Modern Military Biodefense* Nizamuddin Ubaidillah

Human PPARG Gene Mutation as Risk Factor for Type 2 Diabetes Melitus: In Silico Analysis

Naufal Yafi Rais Wiguna — 2024-01-03

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) involves genetic and environmental factors. PPARG, encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, is one of the key gene in T2DM development. Our study investigates PPARG variants' role as risk factor for T2DM by in silico analysis.

Methods: We identified Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) within the PPARG gene via UniProt and analyzed their effects using Ensembl Variant Effect Predictor (VEP). The VEP analysis provided us four important indicators: impact assessment, Sorting Intolerant from Tolerant (SIFT) score, PolyPhen score, and clinical significance. We also investigated PPARG's interactions with other T2DM-related genes using StringDB.

Results: In our analysis of 35 UniProt-sourced SNPs, 32 underwent successful VEP analysis.The SIFT indicators identified 23 of SNPs as deleterious, The PolyPhen identified 18 of SNPs as probably damaging . Impact assessments revealed that 27 had a moderate impact on gene function. Clinically, 8 of the SNPs were considered pathogenic and rs1805192 emerged as a notable risk factor for T2DM. Additionally, StringDB analysis confirmed PPARG's role in the T2DM-associated gene network, from the 25 proteins involved in T2DM, 21 of them exhibit correlations with PPARG.

Discussion: PPARG SNPs variant has a significant impact on T2DM as a risk factor. However, SNPs associated with T2DM vary across different populations.

Conclusion: Analysis of PPARG genetic variations highlights their significant association with T2DM susceptibility in specific populations. Bioinformatics tools are useful for investigating genetic mutations but require additional research, such as functional studies, to improve reliability as their outcomes are primarily predictions.

Introducing the Camry Electronic Hand Dynamometer EH101 as a Functional Strength Measurement Tool among Healthy Teenagers in Jakarta, Indonesia

Nury Nusdwinuringtyas — 2024-01-03

Hand grip strength (HGS) is correlated with activities of daily living (ADL) and is intricately related to lung function. The American College of Sports Medicine recommends incorporating hand grip strength tests as a component of musculoskeletal fitness assessment for children. The hydraulic Jamar dynamometer, developed by Bechtol in 1954, is the most widely used tool among clinicians for measuring HGS. Currently, the widely available HGS measurement tool in Indonesia is the Camry electronic hand dynamometer EH101. This study aimed to introduce a new tool, known for its easy accessibility and affordability. An analytical observational design with a cross-sectional method. 19 males and 19 females, aged between 12–18 years, in one junior high school and one senior high school in Central Jakarta, who find inclucion criterias. There were differences of the results between both tools for all parameters. However, we detected consistency in term of the values of measurements. When the Jamar® measured a lower result than the other parameter, the Camry® would measure the same. A significant correlation between both values, as measured by Camry® and Jamar® (>0.7) that might be interpreted as a strong correlation of statistical significance. Camry EH101 had a significant correlation with Jamar, indicating consistency in measurements despite observed value gaps. While the Camry holds promise for use in Indonesia due to its affordability and accessibility, further investigation is warranted. It is recommended to calculate sensitivity and specificity of the Camry, considering its unique cut-off points for clinical application.

Heat Therapy Intervention and Pulse Dose Itraconazole as Combination Treatment for Chromoblastomycosis: An Unusual Case Report

Sissy Sissy — 2024-01-03

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a rare chronic fungal infection caused by dematiaceous fungi, presenting a significant challenge in Indonesia. This case involves a 54-year-old man who reported a lump on his right leg persisting for 10 years. Examination revealed multiple erythematous nodules with well-defined borders and a verrucous surface, forming a linear pattern around the ankle, some covered by brownish crusts. The patient denied itching and pain in the lesions. The initial diagnosis of chromoblastomycosis was confirmed through culture and histopathology. Treatment involved pulsed doses of intraconazole and heat therapy. Remarkably, lesions significantly improved after one month, underscoring the efficacy of combination therapy for chromoblastomycosis. Pulsed dose itraconazole enhances treatment compliance with its cost-effectiveness, while heat therapy, as a physical intervention, proves to be an easily administered option with promising efficacy. Considering the prolonged management required for CBM, it is imperative to factor in the patient's socioeconomic condition during treatment planning.

The Significance of Entrepreneurial Leadership in Armed Forces Hospitals

Dian Andriani Ratna Dewi — 2024-01-03

Background: Currently, merely possessing leadership or entrepreneurial qualities is insufficient for assuming the role of a hospital head in the armed forces. Successful hospital leadership necessitates the embodiment of Entrepreneurial Leadership (EL), a contemporary model combining leadership excellence with an entrepreneurial spirit. The capacity of a hospital to advance is profoundly shaped by its economic acumen, and to thrive, leaders surpassing EL standards are imperative.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted utilizing the Google Scholar database and PubMed, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement guidelines. A total of 136 articles from various studies conducted between 2018 and 2023, spanning diverse countries, were reviewed. Extraction focused on 5 studies from 4 countries that implemented leadership interventions among doctors, dentists, and hospitals.

Discussion: In light of the global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the landscape of hospital management is undergoing rapid transformation. Internet-based technologies are becoming essential for hospitals to address service requirements and enhance efficiency, thereby increasing overall effectiveness. Only leaders possessing EL can ensure the survival, development, and competitiveness of hospitals amidst these evolving challenges.

Conclusion: The characteristics of EL exhibited by hospital leaders significantly influence the performance, continuity, effectiveness, and productivity of competitive hospital enterprises. The application of EL enables hospitals to attain superiority, professionalism, resilience, innovation, and adaptability to various changing conditions.

Temperature and Cardiovascular Morbidity

Harikrishna Halaharvi — 2024-01-05

The negative influence of extreme heat on cardiovascular health has been observed across various geographical locations across the world. In the state of New York, discovered a significant increase in cardiovascular disease (CVD) related emergency department, following an extremely hot day. Increase in 3-day delayed CVD hospital admissions with every 1°C above the temperature-health effect curve (29°C–36°C). Another study conducted in China, estimated that the cumulative relative risk of having an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) following a day with extreme heat. Analogous impacts of extreme heat on cardiovascular morbidity have also been observed in Australia and Korea. Data from Thai Nguyen province in Vietnam with the daily weather, observed no statistically significant association between hot temperatures and CVD-related hospital admission over the course of lag days 0–30. Contradictory evidence was also found in epidemiological studies conducted across Europe. A systematic review and meta-analysis of twenty-one studies also failed to detect a significant association between cardiovascular morbidity and ambient temperature.

Biological Threats as Emerging Challenges in Modern Military Biodefense

Nizamuddin Ubaidillah — 2024-01-05

A biological threat refers to an infectious disease with the potential to spread and cause an outbreak. The challenges posed by rapidly changing and increasingly complex biological threats became apparent after the global COVID-19 pandemic, leading to a decline in the preparedness of nations and sluggish responses. Despite the potential severity of casualties, military readiness should be the first line of defense, emphasizing deep prevention. The role of the military in overcoming threats becomes an urgency that cannot be avoided and must be an integral part of the handling of biological threats nationally.